Chapter 98 : Chapter 98 The Laws of Yom Tov

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§1

Any¹This includes all rabbinically prohibited work. (Peri Megadim M.Z. 308, Chayei Adam 80:1) melachah (work) that may not be done on Shabbos, is also forbidden on Yom Tov.²However, the penalty of death applies to the desecration of Shabbos, but not Yom Tov. And just as on Shabbos it is forbidden to have work done even by a non-Jew, so it is forbidden on Yom Tov. And just as a person is commanded to allow his animals to rest³See Chapter 87 for details. on Shabbos, so, too, is he commanded on Yom Tov.⁴Meiri Maseches Beitzah 36, Beis Yosef 305, Magein Avraham 246:12, Vilna Gaon, Mishnah Berurah 246:19. The Remah 246:3, Rashi, Riva and Peri Chadash, however, maintain that this is not prohibited on Yom Tov. Yom Tov differs from Shabbos only with regard to the preparation of food,⁵Maseches Megillah 7b. for it says (concerning Yom Tov), "Only that which is eaten by any soul, that alone may be prepared by you."⁶Exodus 12:16. This⁷Many types of melachah in the preparations of food are forbidden on Yom Tov (e.g. harvesting, grinding, squeezing grapes etc., threshing, sifting etc.). Shulchan Aruch 495:2 rules that these types are prohibited rabbinically, while the Yerushalmi, Rashba, Reshal, Taz, Vilna Gaon etc. rule that they are prohibited de’oraisa. They maintain that the Torah permitted only the kind of labor needed for one day’s needs, but not the kind of labor usually done on a large scale. includes kneading, baking, slaughtering, and cooking. Carrying,⁸See Chapter 82 for details. and lighting a fire⁹You may only light a fire from an existing flame but you are not allowed to produce a new fire. See paragraph 31. are permitted on Yom Tov, even if not needed for preparing food, but for some other necessity.¹⁰Most poskim maintain it is a de’oraisa prohibition to carry on Yom Tov if there is no necessity. Rashi, Riaz and possibly Rif and Rambam hold it is derabanan. (See Biur Halachah 518:1) Our Sages, of Blessed Memory,¹¹See Maseches Beitzah 12a. had this rule by tradition regarding these (two melachos),¹²Even though carrying and lighting a fire are not melachos performed directly on the food itself, they are necessary for its preparation. Melachos that are synonymous with food preparation such at baking and cooking are certainly included in this ruling and are permitted for other necessities. (Maggid Mishneh, Magein Avraham, Vilna Gaon, Machatzis Hashekel, Mishnah Berurah 518:1) of which it is said: "Since these labors are permitted for the purpose of preparing food,¹³Shulchan Aruch 495:1 implies that Melachah is permitted for food requirements, even if it could have been done before Yom Tov and would have the same taste. Most poskim, however, Rema, Maharil, Eliyahu Rabbah, Peri Chadash etc. maintain that this is forbidden rabbinically, but permit it when done in an unconventional way (shinui). (Rema, Ran) If you were unable to prepare it before Yom Tov, due to an extreme emergency, you may prepare it on Yom Tov in the usual manner. (Shulchan Aruch Harav, Mishnah Berurah) If, however, you just didn’t have time to do it before Yom Tov, you must do it in an unconventional way. they are also permitted for purposes other than preparing food,"¹⁴The Rema 518:1 rules that it is permitted to carry something because you fear it will get stolen or lost. Mishnah Berurah 518:6 rules it proper to be stringent, like the Rosh, Tur, Maharil, Reshal etc., who hold the necessity must be for a mitzvah or for something you need that day in particular (such as an ornament). but for some other necessity. However, a yahrzeit candle may not be lit on Yom Tov.¹⁵The Kesav Sofer responsum 65 permits this, but says it is still better to light it in the synagogue where you may light candles on Yom Tov, as it is an honor to the synagogue, (see Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 101:2) The Misgeres Hashulchan says the custom is to light them even at home but it is best to do it in the synagogue. This is also the view of Biur Halachah 514:5, who adds if you light it in your house, you should do it in the room where you eat.

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§2

You may not make cheese on Yom Tov, neither may you make butter on Yom Tov. Likewise, you may not curdle milk, by putting it in a stomach or by putting a substance into it to cause the milk to thicken and coagulate. Also,¹⁶Magein Avraham 510:13, Mishnah Berurah 510:23. you may not skim off the cream from the milk, unless you leave a little on the milk, the same way it must be done on Shabbos. This, too, is permitted only for as much as you need for that day, but not for the following day, because it amounts to preparing [on Yom Tov for a weekday, which is forbidden]. But if you fear that it will spoil, you may have it skimmed off in the aforementioned manner by a non-Jew.

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§3

Should spices that are ground before Yom Tov lose their flavor, [before Yom Tov,] they may be ground on Yom Tov, if done in an unconventional manner: such as inclining the mortar on its side,or by pounding them on the table, or similar unconventional procedures. Horseraddish that is grated on a (hand-)grater may not be grated into a dish as is usually done on weekdays, but onto a tablecloth.¹⁷Chayei Adam 83:3, Mishnah Berurah 504:19. You may not grind it in a grinding mill, even in an unusual manner, for it is an uvdah de’chol, which is forbidden, even in an unconventional fashion. (general rule of the Magein Avraham 504:7) You may not grind coffee with a grinder,¹⁸Not even in an unconventional manner. (Panim Meiros, Peri Megadim, M.Z. 504:1) but you may pound it with a mortar in an unconventional manner. It is best to prepare everything on the day before Yom Tov. Foods that do not lose their flavor, certainly should be crushed the day before Yom Tov,¹⁹This is a rabbinical ordinance, so that Yom Tov is not spent working in the kitchen. (Shulchan Aruch Harav 495:7) but if you forgot (to do it before), you are permitted to do it in an unconventional manner on Yom Tov. All that was mentioned is only permitted for as much as you need for that day, but not for the next day, and you should be stringent to prepare only as much as you need for that particular meal. When grinding matzoh,²⁰The matzoh is made from ground flour, and you are permitted to grind something that was previously ground, even in the usual manner. (Mishnah Berurah 504:20) you should also be careful about this.²¹Not to grind more than you need for that meal.

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§4

You may not split wood,²²If the logs are too large to use for fuel, you may cut them with a knife or by hand. (Shulchan Aruch 501:1) The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch refers to such wood that can be burned for fuel as is. See Shulchan Aruch 501:2. It is prohibited because it is a bother. or even break it by hand.²³Cutting small pieces (like match sticks) is a melachah de’oraisa of grinding. (Shulchan Aruch Harav, see Taz) It is also forbidden to gather wood from a place²⁴I.e. in your yard, because it appears as though you are doing it for your weekday needs. If they are scattered in the field, gathering them is a melachah de’oraisa (me’ameir-gathering). You may not take wood from a field, even if it is not scattered. This is a rabbinical prohibition lest you gather scattered wood. (see Magein Avraham 501:6, Shulchan Aruch Harav) where it is scattered about.

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§5

Arranging wood on top of the stones to start a fire is prohibited,²⁵These halachos apply only when the sides were set up on Yom Tov. If they were standing from before Yom Tov it is permitted. (Eliyahu Rabbah, Mishnah Berurah 502:13) because you are²⁶It looks as if you are making a tent. (Shulchan Aruch 502:1) making a tent; for it is like erecting two walls upon which you are placing a roof. But you can do it in an unconventional manner, that is by holding the wood in your hand and placing the stones underneath. Similarly, when you place a pot on stones to light a fire underneath, you must hold the pot in your hand and place the stones under it; but you may not place it (the pot) on top of the stones.

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§6

You may not fan a fire with a bellow, because it is forbidden to do so in a professional manner. It is customary to permit (the use of) a domestic-type bellows by operating it in an unconventional manner,²⁷Shulchan Aruch 502:1. holding it in an upside down position, but with a professional bellows it is forbidden, even in an unconventional manner.

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§7

You may sort all the legumes you need for that day,²⁸Unlike Shabbos when, unless it is for immediate use, even separating food from refuse is a melachah de’oraisa. On Yom Tov, separating (boreir) is a melachah de’oraisa only when separating grain (from chaff etc.), which is usually done on a large scale. (Shulchan Aruch Harav 510:3) The Yeshuos Yaakov 500:2 rules that separating two types of foods, even on Yom Tov is permitted only for immediate use. but not with a sieve or strainer.²⁹Since usually a large quantity is separated with these utensils, it looks as though you are doing it for tomorrow’s needs. (Taz 510:1, Mishnah Berurah) Neither may you put them in water so that the refuse or the edible part will float. But you may separate them by hand and pick out whatever is easier for you; if it is easier to pick out the refuse,—pick out the refuse,³⁰Taz and Shulchan Aruch Harav say this is forbidden if you were able to do it before Yom Tov. Biur Halachah 510:2 says since you are not using a sieve etc., it is considered doing it in an unusual manner, and it is permitted even if you could have done it before Yom Tov. But, in such a case it is better to take the food from the refuse; and this is the prevailing custom. and if it is easier to pick out the edible part,—pick out the edible part.

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§8

Flour that has already been sifted, but you wish to sift it a second time, should be sifted by a non-Jew or you may do it in an unconventional manner, turning the sieve upside down. Do the same when sifting crushed matzos. Flour that has never been sifted, may be sifted only by a non-Jew, in an unconventional way. It is forbidden to pick out refuse from flour; for example, if pebbles or something similar fell into it. It is forbidden to separate the large crumbs even from ground matzoh.³¹Magein Avraham 504:9, Maharil. Because they are like two different foods.

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§9

Kneading is permitted on Yom Tov.³²Also see paragraph 23. However, you should not measure the flour but should take it by estimate.³³If inaccurate measuring will affect the quality, you may use a measuring utensil. (Peri Megadim, Mishnah Berurah 6:2) If you do not measure exactly, but take less or more, it is permitted to (use a measuring utensil).³⁴Bach, Tur.

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§10

Dough for noodles and farfel used in soups should be kneaded on erev Yom Tov, for if they are older they taste better. But if you did not knead it erev Yom Tov, you may knead it on Yom Tov in an unconventional way.³⁵See footnote 13. For example, if you usually knead it on a board, you should knead it on a tablecloth or on something similar.³⁶(Chayei Adam 85:7). Cooked food that does not spoil, like dried fruits and similar food should be cooked on erev Yom Tov.³⁷See footnote 13. You are allowed to schedule these melachos for Yom Tov if you will do them in an unconventional manner. (Magein Avraham, Chayei Adam) The Bigdei Yesha questions this. (See Mishnah Berurah 495:10)

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§11

If you knead dough on Yom Tov, you may take challah from it. But you may not burn (the challah portion), because holy things may not be burned on Yom Tov. It is also forbidden to bake (the challah portion)³⁸Shulchan Aruch 506:4. because it is not fit to be eaten, for we are all considered as ritually unclean due to having come in contact with corpses.³⁹Or with people who have been in contact with corpses. (See chapter 202 for details.) And it is forbidden to handle (the challah portion), but while it is still in your hand, you should put it in a safe place until after Yom Tov, and then burn it. If you knead dough on erev Yom Tov, it is forbidden to take challah from it on Yom Tov,⁴⁰When kneaded before Yom Tov, it is prohibited, rabbinically, because it looks like you are fixing it. When kneaded on Yom Tov, however, they did not prohibit it. (see Mishnah Berurah 506:17) but you may bake (the bread) and eat it, leaving a little bread from which to take (challah)⁴¹This is only permitted outside of Eretz Yisrael, where separating challah is a rabbinic ordinance. In Eretz Yisrael, where it is a de’oraisa, you may not eat from it before separating challah. (Mishnah Berurah 506:21) If you want, you may knead a new dough on Yom Tov, put it next to the other dough, and separate the challah of both from the Yom Tov dough, (Rema 506:3) right after Yom Tov. The portion you leave should be sufficient for separating challah and have some left over.

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§12

It is forbidden to mix clay on Yom Tov, even if done by a non-Jew. Therefore if you (need clay) to seal the oven in which you warm your food, for Shabbos, you must prepare clay that was mixed, before Yom Tov. Also taking mud from the street is forbidden, unless it was prepared on erev Yom Tov, and placed in a corner. You should be careful not to smear the clay or mud, but you should seal the oven with it without smearing, for some authorities prohibit this (on Yom Tov) even to keep food warm.

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§13

Domesticated poultry that is kept in the house or in the yard for food, are permitted to be caught⁴²Even with a trap. (Mishnah Berurah 497:17, poskim) so that you may slaughter them for your Yom Tov needs. But if not needed for food, it is forbidden to catch them.⁴³Magein Avraham 497:8. And if they are new and not accustomed to (the house or yard), it is forbidden to catch them even for food, even while they are in the house.⁴⁴Unless they enter a very narrow space. (Mishnah Berurah 497:17) But at night, when they are roosting, it is permitted to take them.⁴⁵Chayei Adam 88:2. In any event, you must be careful to select those you intend to slaughter on Yom Tov before Yom Tov, lest the one you will take will prove to be too lean and you will have handled it needlessly.⁴⁶This is a needless bother on Yom Tov. (Mishnah Berurah 497:18) Also if you catch it in an open space, it is considered a melachah of catching, without valid purpose. (Sha’ar Hatziyun 497:40) Poultry, not kept for food, but for laying eggs, are muktzeh.⁴⁷Mishnah Berurah 497:16.

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§14

It is forbidden to catch doves of a dove-cote or doves living in an attic,⁴⁸Wild birds that do not belong to anyone. even though they are accustomed to return to their nests⁴⁹Because they are not domesticated, they are hard to catch and are not considered as though they are already caught. Even if they are easy to catch, you may not catch them. Since they find their food elsewhere, they are like other wild fowl. (Magein Avraham. (see Mishnah Berurah 497:28) and even if you selected them before Yom Tov.⁵⁰If they are small and not able to fly and escape, it is sufficient to designate the ones you want before Yom Tov. (see Shulchan Aruch 497:9–10)

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§15

It is permitted to cut or burn the rings around the legs of poultry after slaughtering. You may also sew up poultry when you stuff them, but you must be careful to thread the needle on erev Yom Tov.⁵¹So you will not desecrate Yom Tov by cutting the string to the proper length. (Magein Avraham, Rabbeinu Yerucham) If you did not thread it before Yom Tov, it is forbidden to thread it on Yom Tov.⁵²Magein Avraham, Mishnah Berurah 509:16. After the poultry is sewn up, you may burn the leftover thread.⁵³Burning it and cutting it are halachically identical, but the custom is to burn it. (Magein Avraham 509:9, Mishnah Berurah 509:18)

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§16

It is forbidden to catch fish in a pond, that cannot be caught with your hands, but (only) with a utensil. But if you can catch them with your hands, you may catch them, even with a utensil.⁵⁴Taz, Eliyahu Rabbah. But the Mishnah Berurah 497:14 says you should consider the opinion of the Peri Chadash and Shulchan Aruch Harav, who do not permit the use of a utensil. See Shulchan Aruch 497 for details of these halachos. If there are many fish in the pond you must designate before Yom Tov the one you wish to take on Yom Tov, by making a mark on it; and if you need all of them, you must designate all of them by saying before Yom Tov: "I am designating all of these fish for Yom Tov."

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§17

If you are in doubt whether something was caught or prepared on Yom Tov, it is forbidden to be used. If it is very urgent, you may be lenient on the second day of Yom Tov, but not on [the second day] Rosh Hashanah.

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§18

Living creatures that are muktzeh⁵⁵Shulchan Aruch 497:12, Shulchan Aruch Harav. This is so that you will not inadvertantly take them for eating in violation of muktzeh. This halachah, therefore, applies only to kosher species. The Shulchan Aruch 497:7 says this prohibition applies only to living creatures in a situation where catching them is a melachah and we fear you might do so if you put food near them. But your domestic creatures, even if muktzeh, should be fed on Yom Tov. This is the ruling of the Peri Chadash and Mishnah Berurah (497:4.)(see also Biur Halachah) may not be given drink, nor may their food be placed within a close reach, but it should be placed a short distance away.

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§19

If you slaughtered poultry, and it was found to be tereifah,⁵⁶Anyone of the eighteen types of bodily injuries or defects that prohibit eating it. you are forbidden to handle it, similar to other muktzeh (items). But if you slaughtered an animal and it was found to be tereifah, you may put it in a place where it will not spoil. But if it is impossible to put it away, so that it will not spoil, you may sell it to a non-Jew, provided that no price is set, and it is not weighed. Perhaps with regard to fattened geese among which tereifos are generally found, you may be lenient.⁵⁷It is not clear if the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch is referring to selling them in the manner described or even to handling them. The Sha’ar Hatziyun 497:76, and Chemed Moshe permit handling them also.

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§20

You may not slaughter an animal on Yom Tov⁵⁸But poultry is permitted. (Chayei Adam, Mishnah Berurah 495:50) unless it is absolutely necessary.⁵⁹Magein Avraham 498:16. This is the custom, even when treifos are not very common. (Mishnah Berurah 498:49) It is forbidden to sell meat by weight and at a set price. But you may give someone a piece of meat to be paid for after Yom Tov.

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§21

When you slaughter an animal (on Yom Tov) it is best not to examine the lungs until after you have skinned it; for if you examine it and it is found to be tereifah, it is forbidden to skin it.⁶⁰Shulchan Aruch 497:16. Because it is a melachah not for the purpose of food. (Mishnah Berurah) You are allowed to handle the hide of an animal that was slaughtered that day in order to put it away. But not to spread it on posts.⁶¹That is clearly done to dry the hide, and we are concerned you may salt it, too, which is a melachah de’oraisa. (Mishnah Berurah 499:5, Magein Avraham etc.) Other hides are absolutely forbidden to be handled. Also, feathers from a bird that was slaughtered that day, may be handled in order to put them away. But it is forbidden to handle any other feathers.⁶²This applies only when attached to their stems. But when detached, they are soft, and can be used to lie on, and are not muktzeh. (Shulchan Aruch Harav 302:3)

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§22

It is permited to salt meat to draw off the blood,⁶³See Chapter 36 for details. even if it could have been salted the day before Yom Tov,⁶⁴Ramah 500:5. Because after the kashering process, the meat must be kept salted in order to keep it from spoiling, and this is detrimental to its taste.(Shulchan Aruch Harav) This is true when it is warm and you have no access to refrigeration. provided you need it for that day. If you have more meat (than you need) and fear it might spoil, you may salt all the meat together,⁶⁵See Shulchan Aruch 500:5. no matter how much there is, and even that which is not needed for today, for it involves the same labor.⁶⁶Rashi. We maintain that you have to salt both sides of the meat, so there is a little more labor when there is more meat. Even so, since the prohibition involved is not de’oraisa, the Sages were lenient, if there is concern that the meat will spoil. (Mishnah Berurah 500:22, Shulchan Aruch Harav) But meat that has already been salted and its blood (drawn off),⁶⁷Magein Avraham. Because it is obvious that you are not salting it to eat it now, for then you would cook it and you wouldn’t re-salt it. But you may resalt it on the second night of Yom Tov, for it could be you want it for the Yom Tov morning meal. The first night of Yom Tov, you may not re-salt it because you should have done it before Yom Tov. (see Machatzis Hashekel 500:17) and fish that could have been salted⁶⁸Small fish that spoil after a while, when salted, may be salted on Yom Tov. (Mishnah Berurah 500:26, poskim) Even fish that do not get spoiled in salt may be salted on Yom Tov if they were cut open before Yom Tov. (Machatzis Hashekel 500:11) on erev Yom Tov, is forbidden to be salted on Yom Tov.

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§23

When baking pastry on Yom Tov, it is forbidden to shape it into figures either by using a mold or by hand.⁶⁹Chayei Adam 92:3.

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§24

Levelling [or smearing] is forbidden⁷⁰A toladah of scraping (מְמַחֵק). It is forbidden to spread or smear something in order to make it level. on Yom Tov as on Shabbos. Therefore, it is forbidden to warm⁷¹Eliyahu Rabbah 514 says if it is not warmed, it is permitted. The Pri Megadim maintains it is not. a candle of wax or of tallow to make it stick to the candlestick or the wall, for you might inadvertently smear it.⁷²Magein Avraham 514:6. If the socket (of the candlestick) is full of tallow,⁷³The piece of tallow is not muktzeh on Yom Tov because you can put on a wick and light it. (Magein Avraham 499:9) But the Shulchan Aruch Harav 499:11 says not to move it unless it is urgent. you may clean it with an object that is not muktzeh.

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§25

It is forbidden to extinguish a fire on Yom Tov.⁷⁴Unless it is life threatening or for the purpose of food. For example, if your food will burn, or your only dishes etc. will burn, and you haven’t any other way to alleviate the situation. (see Shulchan Aruch 514:1) It is even forbidden to extinguish it indirectly. Therefore, it is forbidden to place a burning candle where the wind may blow it out, even though when you place it no wind is blowing.⁷⁵Magein Avraham, Biur Halachah. It is also forbidden to open a door or a window opposite a burning candle. See above chapter 80:2

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§26

It is permitted to cover a fire (on Yom Tov)⁷⁶To preserve the fire for later use. with a vessel or ashes that have been prepared (before Yom Tov).⁷⁷See Chapter 99:4. Even though it may be slightly extinguished by being covered,⁷⁸Vilna Gaon. Even though you are allowed to roast meat on coals, which will surely extinguish some of the coals, in that case, it is done for the immediate preparation of food, while, here, you are merely preserving it for later preparation; and therefore it is forbidden, if extinguishing it is inevitable (Magein Avraham). But some poskim permit this, even though you will inevitably extinguish part of it, since this is not your intention and is for the sake of food preparations (Peri Chadash, Reshal). The Mishnah Berurah 502:9 mentions both opinions. nevertheless since your intention is not to extinguish it, (and it is a melachah not needed for its own sake),⁷⁹And is, therefore, not a de’oraisa violation according to most poskim. it is permitted for the needs of the Yom Tov. But it is permitted only when you need it for that day. But for the needs of the (following) night it is forbidden, for the night belongs to the second day.

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§27

You may not kasher utensils by placing them in boiling water,⁸⁰Ramah 509:5. Because boiling the water for this purpose is only a preparation to prepare food, and should have been done before Yom Tov (Or Zarua, Magein Avraham), or because it looks like fixing vessels, which is only a preparation of preparing etc. (Eliyohu Rabbah, Vilna Gaon) (see Mishnah Berurah, Sha’ar Hatziyun 509:31) nor by heating them until red hot,⁸¹Shulchan Aruch 509:5. once they have become forbidden for use.⁸²Having absorbed a non-kosher product. For the laws of immersing (new) utensils on Yom Tov, see Chapter 37 above.

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§28

The law regarding washing dishes on Yom Tov is the same as on Shabbos.⁸³Ramah 509:7. (see Chapter 80:26) It is forbidden to wash dishes on the first day Yom Tov to be used on the second day of Yom Tov.

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§29

It is forbidden to make a fire in order to heat the house, unless the cold is so severe that the food congeals; then it is considered as required for the preparation of food. But if the cold is not so severe, it is forbidden.⁸⁴The prevailing custom is that even a Jew is permitted to light the furnace, even if just slightly cold. (Rema, Vilna Gaon, Mishnah Berurah 511:7) If done by a non-Jew, it is permitted

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§30

It is permitted to heat water to wash your hands⁸⁵Face, hands, and feet, (Mishnah Berurah 511:9, poskim) Because this is something everyone needs to do. In our times, when people wear shoes, washing the feet may not be in this category. but not for bathing your whole body.⁸⁶Warming the water just enough to take the chill out is permitted according to some poskim. (see Sha’ar Hatziyun) If you need (warm) water to bathe a child, it is also forbidden to heat the water for him, even through a non-Jew.⁸⁷Rema. This is true according to all poskim. (Mishnah Berurah 511:13) In the event it was warmed on Yom Tov for this purpose, even by a Jew, you may bathe the child in it if he is normally bathed every day. This is forbidden for an adult, even if the water was warmed for cooking. (See Ramah, Magein Avraham and Mishnah Berurah 511:12) But you may heat a larger quantity because of him; thus when you need a little water for cooking, it is permitted to heat even a large kettle,⁸⁸And use the extra water to bathe the child. provided you pour in all the water before placing it on the fire and do not add any water after that. If the child is slightly ill, it is permitted to have the water heated for him through a non-Jew.⁸⁹Chayei Adam, Mishnah Berurah.

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§31

It is forbidden⁹⁰It is a preparation for preparing food and could have been done before Yom Tov. (Rambam, Rashba, Mishnah Berurah 502:1) In the event you made a fire on Yom Tov, the Taz and Toras Hashmarim (Yoreh Dei’ah 197) rule that you may not use it, but the Rashbah, Magein Avraham, Shulchan Aruch Harav, Mishnah Berurah 502 permit it. to touch off a fire either from a flintstone, a glass or a match.

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§32

You may not make mugmar, that is to scatter various spices over coals, either in order to smell its fragrance, or to perfume the house or clothing, for it is written "For everyone," (Ex. 12:16). meaning, it must be of a nature that everyone requires. But perfuming is only a necessity for dainty and indulgent people. With regard to smoking tobacco, the poskim, of blessed memory, disagree.⁹¹The prohibition involved is that of extinguishing fire. The Magein Avraham 514:4, Korban Nessanel (Maseches Beitzah Chapter 2) and Chayei Adam 95:13 prohibit smoking on Yom Tov, for it is not necessary for everyone. Some halachic authorities rule that you are not allowed to smoke at all because it is a proven health hazard. On Yom Tov there is more reason to be stringent. Even according to those who are lenient, you must be careful not to light it with a (burning) piece of paper or a coal, because when you throw these on the ground, they will be extinguished.⁹²You may not light a cigarette from another cigarette because it partially extinguishes the first one. (Minchas Yom Tov) It is easy to make the mistake of doing it on Yom Tov, since you are used to doing so during the week. If there are letters on the paper, either written or printed, and you burn it, the prohibition of erasing also applies. Rather, you must light it from a (pre-existing) flame. You also may not smoke a new pipe.⁹³This refers only to an unglazed potsherd pipe, which becomes stronger from heat. It does not apply to wooden pipes. (see Kerem Shlomoh and Misgeross Hashulchan) It is also forbidden to grind the tobacco on Yom Tov. It would seem that it is also forbidden to cut off the tips of cigars.⁹⁴To open its ends. You may also not bite off the ends and, maybe, not even burn them when you begin smoking, because it may be considered making a vessel (in this case a cigar) on Yom Tov. (see Minchas Yom Tov, Mikra Kodesh)

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§33

Something which is not a full-scale melachah⁹⁵This means it is a rabbinic prohibition, not a de’oraisa. See Chapter 91 for details of this halachah. and yet is forbidden on Shabbos in order to cure a patient who is not critically ill, is also forbidden even on the first day of Yom Tov, or on both days of Rosh Hashanah, unless it is done by a non-Jew. But on the second day of Yom Tov, (except for the second day of Rosh Hashanah), it may be done, even by a Jew.⁹⁶It is permitted, even if done in the usual manner, and even if the illness is local and does not affect the whole body. On the first day of Yom Tov, a Jew may do it only in an unconventional manner, even if the illness affects the whole body. (Shulchan Aruch Harav 496:45) But a full-scale melachah may not be performed for a patient who is not critically ill, even on the second day of Yom Tov unless it is done by a non-Jew. (You should consult a halachic authority before taking any actions in this matter.)

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§34

Carrying is permitted on Yom Tov. It is permitted to carry even things that are not needed for preparing food, provided there is some other need for it, but if it is totally unnecessary, it is forbidden to be carried out [of the house] unless it is to a place where you are permitted to carry on Shabbos.⁹⁷See Chapter 94 about requirements of Eruv Chatzeiros (courtyards) and partnership in alleys. According to the Rif, Rambam, Rosh and Shulchan Aruch 528, you may carry in the courtyards and alleyways on Yom Tov, even without an eruv. The Rashbah and Rema 518:1 rule that it is not permitted. The Reshal says it is best to include Yom Tov in your erev chatzeiros etc., even though the halachah is like the Shulchan Aruch in this case. Concerning things that are needed for food, like kegs of wine, you should not carry as heavy a burden as you do on weekdays; but you should do it in a different way.⁹⁸See Shulchan Aruch 510:8. If you are accustomed to carry four or five pitchers of wine, you should only carry one or two and you should not carry them in a basket made for carrying wine etc. This applies only when moving the wine etc. through alleyways where people frequent and may see you, but within your house or courtyard, you may carry it as you wish. If it is impossible to do it differently, as when you have many guests,⁹⁹And you are in a hurry to serve them. you may carry it the usual manner.

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§35

All work that is permitted to be done on Yom Tov, may be performed only for the needs of man, but not for animals, for it is written, "Shall be done for you," (Ex. 12:16) and it is expounded¹⁰⁰Masechet Beitzah 21. "For you, but not for animals." Therefore it is forbidden to cook or carry out anything for the needs of an animal, just as it is forbidden on Shabbos.

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§36

It is forbidden to cook or bake for the needs of a non-Jew¹⁰¹See Biur Halachah 512:1. but if you have a non-Jewish servant, you are allowed to add food¹⁰²It is permitted to add more to the pot at one time, but if your food was already in the pot, you may not add more for your servant. (Mishnah Berurah 512:12) and cook it in the same pot so that there should be enough for the servant too. But for a distinguished non-Jew, it is even forbidden to add (food).¹⁰³The reason is in order to make sure that you do not cook specially for him. (see Shulchan Aruch 512:1) Moreover, even if you cooked or baked anything for yourself, you are forbidden to invite a non-Jew¹⁰⁴If he dropped in uninvited, and the food is already prepared (Rashbah, Tur), you may also give him food. (Shulchan Aruch 512:1) Some poskim disagree. Shulchan Aruch Harav and Mishnah Berurah cite the Taz who rules that you may give him food, but not if you have to urge him to dine with you. to eat with you.¹⁰⁵You are allowed to send food to his house if it is to promote peaceful relations. See Shulchan Aruch and Mishnah Berurah 512:8 (provided you do not violate laws of carrying). Chayei Adam 98:1–2 rules that even this is permitted only for food you prepared for your personal use, but not food added for him. You may not invite him to dine with you, even to prevent his hard feelings. (Biur Halachah, Rashbah) But if the non-Jew is an ordinary person, you may give him something of what you cooked or baked. Baking bread, even if for your non-Jewish servant, is forbidden.¹⁰⁶For each bread is an extra bother. (Shulchan Aruch Harav) If necessary, you may be lenient and rely on the Reshal that more bread in the oven will improve your bread, too. (Mishnah Berurah 512:12)

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§37

It is forbidden to carry out anything on Yom Tov for a non-Jew unless to a place where you may carry on Shabbos.